Two books, two authors, two nations bursting with neotropical avian variety. Birds of Belize by Steve N. G. Howell and Dale Dyer and Birds of Costa Rica by Dale Dyer and Steve N. G. Howell joined the sphere information roster this spring, very welcome in a yr sadly sparse in new titles. For the reason that books share authors and a creation course of, I assumed I’d evaluation them collectively. Each titles are superlative guides to 2 widespread birding locations, that includes detailed but succinct up-to-date descriptions, magical scientific illustrations, and the well-crafted organizational options by now anticipated from Howell, one in all our most prolific chook e book writers and a vocal proponent of user-friendly guides. But in addition they deliver up questions, which I’m going to speak about proper now earlier than diving into the specifics of the guides themselves.
Two points got here to thoughts instantly after I examined my reviewer copies. The primary is that the illustrations by Dale Dyer are based mostly, and largely appear to be the identical, because the illustrations for his earlier information Birds of Central America: Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama (co-authored with Andrew Vallely, PUP, 2018). It’s not clear how most of the plates have been touched up, redrawn or are new, and I hope we’ll be taught extra concerning the course of, maybe when the third e book within the collection by Howell and Dyer, a brand new information to the birds of Mexico, is printed.* An related concern is that the Belize and Costa Rica guides share most of the identical descriptions of species, written by Howell.
Why are these points? I believe as a result of we, or at the very least I, have a fantasy of each discipline information being created distinctive and new, that after I gently carry the duvet a brand new information, I’ll discover treasures we’ve by no means seen earlier than. Fantasy is the important thing phrase right here. If we would like new discipline guides, we have to admit that it’s not economically or humanly attainable to attract and paint a brand new Clay-colored Thrush for every title. Doing this work takes time! Dale Dyer put in years engaged on his work for Birds of Central America, each within the discipline and within the museum. I don’t suppose scientific paintings holds much less worth when used greater than as soon as. Equally, descriptions of species repeated throughout volumes don’t lose their accuracy with every publication. Steve Howell has spent a long time of expertise within the discipline learning the birds of Belize, Costa Rica, and particularly Mexico. There isn’t a cause experience and expertise can’t be shared throughout discipline guides when the books are printed shut collectively, like these are. I believe we do have the proper to anticipate that paintings and species descriptions when repeated are present, replicate latest research and taxonomic thought. And I believe these guides do, that the authors will not be simply rubber-stamping their work however have sought to verify the paintings and textual content in every information represents the birds of every nation.
© 2023 by Steve N. G. Howell and Dale Dyer, Birds of Belize, “Genus Tringa, web page 56, from Princeton College webpage, https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691220727/birds-of-belize
The second concern entails taxonomy. Howell makes use of the IOC World Chook Listing (v.11.2, 2021) as his “baseline taxonomy” after which makes adjustments, numerous adjustments. For oceanic birds he makes use of the taxonomy that he and Kirk Zufelt developed in Oceanic Birds of the World: A Picture Information (PUP, 2019). Different species are splits and lumped and have had their names modified. Not each chook. Many of the names right here will probably be acquainted to the skilled Neotropical birder. However Howell has sturdy emotions about what makes a species and what proof helps splitting or lumping a species and he applies them, in some instances coining his personal frequent names. Tropical Kingbird is “Center American Kingbird,” based mostly on the concept good ol’ TK ought to be divided into three species based mostly on track, morphology, and plumage. Southern Lapwing is “Cayenne Lapwing,” cut up from “Chilean Lapwing.” Willet is listed as “Western Willet” and “Jap Willet,” two separate species, one thing we’ve anticipated from the North American Classification Committee for a few years, however which has not but handed committee muster. American Herring Gull is “Smithsonian Gull,” a separate species from its European counterpart. And Sandwich Tern is Sandwich Tern, Howell discovering the DNA analysis for splitting it “weak.” These are just a few examples. The introductory part “Taxonomy” summarizes the authors’ method to this course of in each guides and prolonged appendix sections entitled “Taxonomic Notes,” clarify particular species adjustments.
Why is that this a difficulty? Taxonomy and classification techniques for any space of information, not simply ornithology, are historically developed, written, and authorised by committees and networks of consultants with levels and titles of authority. I ought to know, as a librarian I used to be taught to worship classification techniques like LCC, the Library of Congress Classification system which divides data into 21 primary courses, and topic heading authority lists. In birding, we’ve a number of increased authorities–the AOS Guidelines of North and Center American Birds; the AOS Guidelines of South American Birds; the Clements classification system, which is the idea for eBird; the IOC World Chook Listing; and the guidelines developed by Handbook of the Birds of the World and Birdlife Worldwide. And when writing a discipline information, it’s accepted apply to undertake one of many above and to stay to it, with any questions or disagreements safely ensconced within the textual content, not in an precise change of species.
Howell turns all that on its head. The idea of species, he states, “mainly comes right down to a matter of opinion, with no proper or improper” (CR information, p. 30). And as for who has the authority to make taxonomic choices, he and Dyer argue of their associated article in North American Birds, “Costa Rica: Even Richer Than we Thought?”(a must-read for birders who will probably be utilizing these guides and who wish to know extra about their growth) that “individuals who examine a area and are aware of its birds are sometimes higher positioned to make knowledgeable taxonomic choices than distant our bodies coping with a lot bigger geographic areas.”** Howell additionally states that there isn’t any higher place than a discipline information during which to introduce taxonomic adjustments, one thing he’s been doing since he and Sophie Webb wrote their information to Mexico and Northern Central America within the 1990’s.*** It’s quicker than committee work, extra direct than forms, and it presents a clearer and extra full portrait of the vary and worth of the biodiversity of those nations. “We hope that drawing consideration to them [the splits] acts as a laxative on the taxonomic constipation manifested by some committees and speeds the speed at which ignorance and inertia fall sufferer to actuality” (CR information, p. 30).
These are convincing, neatly introduced arguments. However I can’t assist eager about the person birder utilizing these discipline guides, particularly a birder new to Neotropical birding. I believe it’s complicated to see Center American Kingbird within the discipline information however not in eBird. I don’t suppose it’s useful to have Herring Gull introduced as “Smithsonian (American Herring) Gull.” I don’t suppose each birder needs to take the time to learn taxonomic notes and take into consideration the 100-plus splits proposed by Howell and Dyer. (I’m not saying that is proper, I’m saying, as somebody skilled in utilizing reference books with individuals searching for a particular reply, there’s a restrict in how a lot preparatory time they’re prepared to place in.) In presenting a discipline information with various taxonomy and names, the authors could also be jumpstarting “official” adjustments in taxonomies and birding checklists, however they might even be incorporating obstacles in these books; discipline guides are presupposed to be making birding and chook identification simpler, no more complicated.
I don’t suppose this can be a black-and-white concern and I’m hoping readers of this evaluation have their very own opinions that they are going to articulate right here or on ‘the socials.’ And maybe one other 10,000 Birds reviewer can have a distinct perspective.
Examples of two varieties of informational aids provided in each guides: Pictorial Contents for Songbirds (Birds of Costa Rica) and Key to Species Vary Maps (Birds of Belize). Birds of Costa © 2023 by Steve N. G. Howell and Dale Dyer and Birds of Belize © 2023 by Steve N. G. Howell and Dale Dyer.
Protection & Group
Birds of Belize covers 540 or so species (I counted, the press launch says “over 500”) frequently present in Belize, together with the islands of the barrier reef and marine waters about 30 miles out, the vary of a day journey. Along with species frequently occurring in Belize, migrant and resident, the Species Accounts part additionally contains a number of rarer occurring species. Some, like American Bittern, are allotted full accounts; others, like White-faced Ibis, are cited and drawn to tell apart them from similar-looking species (in some instances, as with White-faced Ibis, there’s a chance that they might have been ignored). Appendix A lists “Uncommon Migrants and Vagrants,” 81 species, together with birds for which there aren’t any documented information, however that are listed within the literature or eBird. For context, the IOC model 13.1 Guidelines for Belize lists 622 species in 76 households, of which 104 are uncommon or unintended and 4 launched.
Birds of Costa Rica covers 836 frequently occurring and a few rarer species discovered on the mainland, inshore islands, and waters about 30 miles out. “Offshore Guests, Uncommon Migrants, and Vagrants,” 103 species together with a number of seabird species, are listed in Appendix B. The birds of Cocos Island, an remoted, volcanic island with a wealthy chook life, are listed in one other Appendix part. That is spectacular protection of a rustic that boasts over 950 avian species (the IOC model 13.1 Guidelines lists 955 species in 86 households, with 152 uncommon/unintended species, three extirpated species, 5 launched species, and 9 endemics).
The books are flexibound, with back and front flaps. The entrance flaps provide helpful keys to the species vary maps (see picture above), the again flaps provide all–too-brief bios of the authors (I would like extra!). The within entrance covers are the beginning of four-page pictorial guides to chook households/teams and the pages the place they are often discovered, a fast, straightforward entry to the identification course of (see picture above). I significantly like the way in which some chook households, like Antbirds and Tanagers, present groupings of a number of completely different species, representing the number of shapes and colours present in that household.
Entrance of the e book materials consists of: “Preface and Acknowledgements,” helpful for its abstract of the authors’ backgrounds in Belize and Costa Rica in addition to acknowledgement of earlier works; a succinct information on “How To Use This Ebook” (please learn!); three drawings illustrating “Chook Topography;” a brief listing of “Abbreviations and Some Phrases Defined;” a bit on habitat and local weather titled “Biogeography;” and the must-read feedback on “Taxonomy” (titled “Taxonomy and Names” within the Belize quantity although it’s mainly the identical essay however with out the quotation of the Birding article). The “Biogeography” sections are largely pictorial, that includes giant pictures. Within the Belize quantity, they had been taken by H. Lee Jones, creator of the earlier chook information to Belize. The few pages of textual content pack in numerous info on geographical location, formations, waterways, local weather, varieties of forest and wetland habitats and the birds prone to be present in them, however the textual content doesn’t relate to the photographs and the data is a bit squashed collectively. Nation maps are separated out –political maps are within the “Learn how to Use This Ebook” part and geographical maps are within the “Biogeography.” I actually want they’d been duplicated within the again inside covers, that are clean.
Again of the e book sections embody Appendices on “Uncommon Migrants and Vagrants;” “Taxonomic Notes;” and within the Costa Rica e book, a bit on “Cocos Island.” There may be additionally an inventory of “References” and an “Index of English Names.” These are fascinating decisions. The references are books the authors used to create the guides, a mixture of discipline guides, ornithological articles, and checklists, not a prompt supply of studying for the birder utilizing the e book. I’m not saying that is good or dangerous, I do respect the cautious documentation of the taxonomic notes and different supplies. I’m shocked by the absence of a scientific title index, particularly in a world that’s advocating altering English names and by Howell’s personal use of other names for some species. Fortunately, all names–daring listed and various–are listed within the index; there are web page references for Smithsonian Gull and Herring Gull. I’m additionally very blissful that the index teams birds by “final title;” all of the trogons are beneath “Trogon,” all of the warblers whose title contains “warbler” are beneath “Warbler” (Parulas, Redstarts, and Waterthrushes have their very own entries).
Measurement-wise, these books are of a measurement that may match nicely right into a backpack or a big vest or coat pocket. The Costa Rica e book is far thicker and heavier (extra birds!), and at about 2 kilos in weight could be for a few of us a automobile e book fairly than a backpack e book.
B. Birds of Belize, paintings by Dale Dyer, p. 195. © 2023 by Steve N. G. Howell and Dale Dyer
Species Accounts
Textual content on the left, illustrations on the proper. The Species Accounts comply with the ‘trendy information’ format, with illustrations clearly labeled and organized in species groupings. The Accounts make the most of the “user-friendly” discipline information sequence proposed in “The Objective of Subject Guides: Taxonomy vs. Utility” by Howell and 5 different notable birding authors (Birding, 2009^). It begins with water and wading birds and ending with meadowlark, blackbird, and bobolink.^ No matter whether or not you suppose discipline information sequences ought to or shouldn’t replicate present evolutionary sequence, it’s comforting and straightforward to search out falcons subsequent to hawks, vireos subsequent to warblers.
The textual content is remarkably straightforward to learn, thanks partly to a extremely readable font, color-banded household and genera sections, bolded and capitalized species names and part labels, and simply the correct quantity of house between species descriptions. Even pages that cowl 5 completely different species don’t appear crowded. Every household part begins with a quick encapsulation of what sort of birds are in that household, their frequent traits and the variety of species in that individual nation; some genera descriptions are additionally given. That is significantly useful for chook households that could be new to birders. I do know I’d have benefitted from studying the summaries on the Typical Antbird household (Thamnophilidae) and its member teams: Antshrikes (with stout, hooked payments), Antvireos (chunky birds with pretty stout payments, like vireos), Antwrens (small, arboreal birds with slender payments), and ‘Skilled’ Antbirds (“boldly patterned” antbirds which can be critical followers of military ants).
Every species account begins with the English title and scientific title. Quite a lot of consideration is positioned on names, reflecting the authors’ precedence on previous and present taxonomy. Alternate names are given in parentheses: Smithsonian (American Herring) Gull. Associated names are given in brackets: Lesson’s [Blue-crowned] Motmot. Bracket names embody former names for species which were cut up (the Motmot) and different cases the place taxonomy is “unsure.” Measurement–size and generally wingspan–is given in centimeters. Subsequent is the part birders are more than likely to learn first, a abstract of the chook’s habitat, conduct, and figuring out options: the place and the way it’s prone to be seen (humid forest, fast-flowing streams, plantations, excessive, low, with combined flocks, alone and quiet), important conduct (heard greater than seen, flushes, sallies for bugs, soars on flattish wings, flight fast and darting), and find out how to distinguish it from related birds within the space. This part additionally particulars important plumage options for the grownup chook and for the juvenile and feminine is required.
Sound is subsequent: descriptions and transcriptions of vocalizations, together with cadence, repetitive sounds, and species that sound related. The Standing part is supposed for use with the distribution maps. The textual content signifies if the chook is a winter, summer season, or nonbreeding migrant (resident is the default standing) and at what elevation it’s prone to be discovered. The maps, that are positioned to the left of the textual content, are small and point out major seasonal standing–whether or not and the place the chook is a resident breeding species, seasonal breeding migrant, seasonal nonbreeding migrant, or transient migrant. In addition they often present breeding colonies or remoted populations, attainable occurrences, and instructions of vary growth.
I really like the writing right here. It is vitally particular and really detailed. There may be little room for a wise flip of phrase, however the exactitude of each sentence makes every account distinctive and relevant to chook identification within the discipline. Lengthy-billed Hermit is, “A spectacular if dull-plumaged hummer of humid forest understory…” (CR, p. 212). Bat Falcon is a “Good-looking small falcon of humid forest and edge, adjoining clearings, semi-open areas with scattered bushes and forest patches; domestically in cities, usually at Maya destroy websites” (Belize, p. 116). I used to be blissful to see that the outline within the Costa Rica information is analogous however drops the reference to Maya ruins, a element that tells me every information was fastidiously curated for its nation. Keel-billed Toucan offers a “Loud throaty croak…at a distance seems like frogs…up shut has an ear-splitting, shrieking high quality” (CR, p. 200). Maybe one of the best examples of Howell’s experience at writing species descriptions are the pages on these brown rainforest look-alike birds, the Woodcreepers. He distinguishes every by consideration to foraging conduct, wonderful variations in invoice measurement and coloration, and vocalization. Southern Noticed Woodcreeper has a “pretty stout straight invoice extensively darkish above” (p. 248), Northern Barred Woodcreeper has a “stout blackish invoice with pinkish base” (p. 246), whereas Ivory-billed Woodcreeper’ invoice is “not strikingly ivory-colored, usually dusky pale pinkish total, generally with a darkish maxilla” (p. 248).
[There is one error in the Belize guide which is pointed out by a user on the Amazon page: the images of White-whiskered Puffbird are reversed, with the female labelled male and male labelled female. This is corrected in the Costa Rica guide.]
Creator Steve N. G. Howell has an extended listing of chook and birding books to his credit score, a number of of which have been reviewed right here. Along with the already talked about A Information to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America, co-authored with Sophie Webb (1995) and Oceanic Birds of the World: a Picture Information, co-authored with Kirk Zufelt (2019), his titles embody Petrels, Albatrosses, and Storm-Petrels of North America: A Photographic Information (2012), A Reference Information to Gulls of the Americas (with Jon Dunn, 2007, Molt in North American Birds (2010), Uncommon Birds of North America (with Ian Lewington and Will Russell, 2014), Offshore Sea Life ID Information: West Coast (with Brian L. Sullivan, 2015), Offshore Sea Life ID Information: East Coast (with Brian L. Sullivan, 2016), Birds of Chile: a Picture Information (with Fabrice Schmitt, 2018), and Peterson Information To Chook Identification in 12 Steps (with Brian Sullivan, 2018). He has additionally printed many scientific articles on these subjects in ornithological journals and articles and weblog posts on taxonomy, writing discipline guides, and birding for widespread birding magazines and web sites. Howell has additionally been a chook tour chief with WINGS for a few years, the place he focuses on excursions of Mexico, Central American nations, and repositioning cruises.
C. Birds of Costa Rica, paintings by Dale Dyer, p. 277. © 2023 by Steve N. G. Howell and Dale Dyer
Illustrations
The illustrations by Dale Dyer completely complement Howell’s descriptions. A birder in addition to a scientific illustrator specializing in birds, Dyer is a discipline affiliate on the American Museum of Pure Historical past and has contributed work and drawings to quite a few discipline guides, together with books on Puerto Rico, the West Indies, Brazil, Trinidad and Tobago, Peru, North America, and New York State. Dyer spent a few years engaged on these illustrations; the Preface notes that he visited Costa Rica and different Central American nations yearly between 2007 and 2016. He additionally utilized museum specimens and speaks eloquently in interviews and on his website online concerning the significance on beginning every chook drawing with a examine of skins to know the construction and anatomy beneath the feathers.^^
Quite a lot of thought clearly went into the design in addition to the paintings itself. Every plate illustrates two to 5 species, comparable to the textual content on the alternative web page. One to 4 photographs of every species are depicted, relying on the species; female and male Contingas are pictured within the examples above, White-rumped Sandpiper is proven in breeding, non-breeding, and juvenile plumages plus a picture of it in flight. All raptor and nightjar species are proven in flight, usually in a number of photographs, apart from the tropical forest accipiters and forest falcons (maybe as a result of they’re not often seen?). All plumage variations are clearly labelled. Often, we get behavioral vignettes just like the Central American Sharpbill above, probing a leaf cluster. Species are fastidiously grouped on every plate so it’s straightforward to see which photographs are the identical species, and when two genera or households share the identical plate, Dyer very properly has them posing in reverse instructions so we all know they’re completely different.
The photographs themselves, other than their utility as identification aids, are merely stunning. They’ve been painted, I assume, with the watercolor/gouache methodology utilized in Dyer’s different works. Feathers glow with the subtlety of sample and shade of colours that distinguish chook life. Payments level, claws grip, eyes glower. Every particular person portray actually does appear to be a person chook. In my evaluation of Birds of Central America, I wrote that I assumed the colours had been washed out on some birds. I don’t suppose so with these volumes, and I’m unsure if my eyes have gotten accustomed to Dyers’ work or if there have been some adjustments within the inking. The birds have been drawn and painted on backgrounds of various shades of grey/blue, mild blue, peach, ecru, tan/brown, and many others. This works properly to reinforce the inking and relieve the attention of continually taking a look at a white background, and on one pleasant plate creates the energetic picture of standing egrets towards a pale greige background counterpointed with flying egrets and a juvenile Little Blue Heron flying towards a sky-blue background. The background does appear a little bit too darkish on some plates, nonetheless, and although one can say this represents how the birds are seen in the dead of night rainforest, it does make it troublesome to review the species in lower than vivid mild.
I assumed it could be fascinating to match how one species is painted and configured on the web page within the three books illustrated by Dyer and by two different discipline guides: The Birds of Costa Rica: A Subject Information, 2nd ed., written by Richard Garrigues and illustrated by Robert Dean (Comstock, 2014) and Birds of Belize, written by H. Lee Jones and illustrated by Dana Gardner (Univ. of Texas Press, 2004). These characterize, I believe, the sphere guides used essentially the most usually earlier than publication of those volumes. I made a decision to have a look at depictions of Beautiful Continga, a sought-after species in Belize and Costa Rica. Beautiful Cotinga males are a spectacular blue and purple and the females are a spectacular brown and beige, so this can be a good method to see how the artists painting each ends of the chook “magnificence” scale. The plates for the 2023 guides are above, the others under.
A. Birds of Central America: Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama, paintings by Dale Dyer, p. 381. © 2018, Princeton College Press
D. Birds of Belize, paintings by Dana Gardner, Plate 38. © 2003 textual content H. Lee Jones, © 2003 illustrations Dana Gardner
E. The Birds of Costa Rica: A Subject Information, 2nd ed, pp. 260-261. © 2007, 2014 textual content Richard Garrigues, © 2007, 2014 illustrations Marc Roegiers and John Okay. McCuen
Dyer’s paintings for the Birds of Central America information is completely reproduced within the Belize and Costa Rica volumes, right down to the little portrait of the male perched on a leafy department. The primary distinction is that “male” and “feminine” are spelled out. The illustration by Dana Gardner for the 2003 Belize information is extra coloration blocked, much less refined, a completely completely different type. The Beautiful Cotingas illustrated by Robert Dean for the 2014 Costa Rica information are chunkier with rounder heads, additionally extra coloration blocked. All good illustrations for discipline guides, but when I had been to place any of those photographs on my wall so I may respect the great thing about the chook, it could be Dyer’s.
Conclusion
Birds of Belize and Birds of Costa Rica are each spectacular, informative, well-organized discipline guides, distinguished by the experience, expertise, and abilities of their authors. Birders could have ideas about its use of other taxonomy, however I believe most vacationers will probably be blissful to have present guides to those widespread nations. There’s a actual want for a brand new information for Belize. H. Lee Jones’ Birds of Belize is an efficient discipline information however organized with plates separate from species accounts, and loads has occurred within the birding world since 2004. The Peterson Subject Information to Birds of Northern Central America by Jesse Fagan and Oliver Komar (2016) does cowl Belize, but additionally Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador.
Costa Rica, then again, has a wealthy ornithological e book historical past, together with the basic A Information to the Birds of Costa Rica by F. Gary Stiles and Alexander F. Skutch (1989), an encyclopedic therapy nonetheless price learning. The beneficial discipline information has lengthy been The Birds of Costa Rica: A Subject Information, 2nd ed. by Richard Garrigues. I had an opportunity to make use of it in 2021 on a quick journey to Costa Rica and discovered that even in lower than ten years, taxonomic adjustments–many official splits and title adjustments, together with the Motmot group–made quite a few its entries outdated. Nonetheless, the information was nonetheless very useable. It could be that we weren’t completely bereft of a good chook information to Costa Rica earlier than this discipline information got here out, and it’s true that we nonetheless lack guides to different Central American nations, like El Salvador and Guatamala. But it surely’s pretty to have this stunning information–each stunning guides–out there for examine, identification, and adoration of those unimaginable birds.
* The Mexico information as half of a bigger mission together with the Costa Rica information is cited in Howell, Steve N. G & Dale Dyer, “Costa Rica: Even Richer Than we Thought?,” North American Birds, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 22-29. Accessible to ABA members at https://www.aba.org/north-american-birds-vol-73-no-1/
** Howell, Steve N. G & Dale Dyer, “Costa Rica: Even Richer Than we Thought?,” North American Birds, vol. 73, no. 1, p. 22.
*** Howell, Steve N. G. & Sophie Webb, A Information to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America, Oxford Univ. Press, 1995
^Howell, Steve N.G., Brian Sullivan, Michael O’Brien, Chris Wooden, Ian Lewington, and Richard Crossley, “The Objective of Subject Guides: Taxonomy vs. Utility,” Birding, Nov. 2009.
^^ See Dale Dyer’s web site, https://websites.google.com/website/daledyerornithill/ and his interview in Angelo, Hillary, “Chook in Hand: How Expertise Makes Nature,” Concept and Society, vol. 42, no. 4 (July 2013), pp. 351-368.
Birds of Belize (Princeton Subject Guides)
By Steve N. G. Howell and Dale Dyer
Princeton College Press, April 2023
Pages:304, Flexibound; Measurement: 5.25 x 8 in. x 1 in.; Weight: 1.25 kilos
Illus: 116 coloration plates + 15 coloration photographs. 600
ISBN-10 : 0691220727; ISBN-13 : 978-0691220727
Worth: $35.00/£30.00 (reductions from the same old suspects); Kindle and eBook variations additionally out there
Birds of Costa Rica (Princeton Subject Guides)
By Dale Dyer and Steve N. G. Howell
Princeton College Press, Could 2023
Pages:456, Flexibound; Measurement: 5.25 x 8 in. x 1.25 in.; Weight: 2.03 kilos
Illus: 203 coloration plates. 19 coloration photographs. 900+
ISBN-10 : 0691203350; ISBN-13 : 978-0691203355
Worth:$29.95/£25.00 (reductions from the same old suspects); Kindle and eBook variations additionally out there
