A primary paper analysed the patterns of egg manufacturing and of egg commerce within the MEA area. This paper will concentrate on poultry meat manufacturing and poultry meat commerce.
Hans-Wilhelm Windhorst – The writer is Professor emeritus of the College of Vechta and visiting professor on the College of Veterinary Medication Hannover, Germany
In 2020, 453 million individuals lived within the 17 MEA international locations, 5.7% of the worldwide inhabitants. They shared 6.4 % in world poultry meat manufacturing and 6.9% in hen meat manufacturing. Their position in world poultry meat commerce differed. In 2020, they shared 12.1% in world hen meat imports and contributed 4.8% to hen meat exports. Commerce with different poultry meat species was negligible. The particular climatic scenario, which limits the manufacturing of poultry feed, explains their exceptional position in hen meat imports. The extraordinary position of poultry meat within the diet of the MEA international locations outcomes from the dearth of non secular boundaries relating to the consumption of this meat sort.
Rooster meat dominated poultry meat manufacturing
Rooster meat dominated poultry meat manufacturing within the MEA area in 2020, sharing 96.5% within the total manufacturing (Desk 1). The opposite meat varieties reached solely comparatively small volumes. Whereas Egypt ranked in first place in duck and goose meat manufacturing, Israel and Turkey collectively produced over 80% of the turkey meat. Due to the dominance of hen meat, the next evaluation will concentrate on this meat sort.
Excessive regional focus in hen meat manufacturing
In 2020, the 17 MEA international locations produced 8.2 mill. t of hen meat (primarily broiler meat). The ten main international locations 98.1%. Determine 1 paperwork the excessive regional focus. Iran and Turkey collectively contributed 53.0% to the overall manufacturing quantity, the 4 main international locations 80.3%. The rating of the three main international locations displays that of the inhabitants. Israel, solely quantity 9 relating to inhabitants, ranks in fifth place. The nation clearly tries to be self-sufficient and to fulfill the demand by home manufacturing due to its political and financial isolation. Israel had the best per capita poultry meat consumption with over 60 kg/yr worldwide in 2020.
Excessive regional focus additionally in hen meat commerce
Apart from Turkey and Iran, the MEA international locations weren’t in a position to meet the rising demand by home manufacturing. Determine 2 reveals the distinctive position of Turkey. The nation shared 75.4% within the total export quantity; Iran contributed 7.2%. The United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Oman exported a few of their imports to adjoining Islamic international locations because the detailed evaluation of the commerce flows will doc. It’s value noting that Turkey not solely ranked in first place in poultry meat but additionally in egg exports. Over the previous twenty years, a extremely environment friendly poultry business has developed on this nation, which has been in a position to acquire a powerful place within the world commerce with these two gadgets. If it is going to be in a position to keep this place, will depend upon the long run financial improvement and the devaluation of the Turkish Lira.
As anticipated, the regional focus in hen meat imports was decrease than in exports as many of the MEA international locations needed to import to fulfill the repeatedly rising demand. Nonetheless, the focus was remarkably excessive. The three main international locations collectively shared over two thirds within the total imports of the area (Determine 3). 
Saudi Arabia ranked in an unchallenged first place, adopted by the United Arab Emirates and Iraq. The extraordinary position which poultry meat performs within the diet of Saudi Arabia’s inhabitants is mirrored within the per capita consumption of over 40 kg/yr. As talked about earlier than, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Oman exported a few of their imports to different Islamic international locations within the MEA area (Desk 2).
Patterns of commerce flows
For chosen international locations, patterns of hen meat exports and imports will probably be analysed.
In 2020, Turkey ranked in fifth place among the many main hen meat exporting international locations with a share of three.6% within the world export quantity. Rooster meat was exported to 100 international locations; the regional focus was nevertheless very excessive as Determine 4 paperwork. With a share of 53.8%, Iraq was the main nation of vacation spot, adopted by Hong Kong, Libya and Congo. The composition and rating of the international locations displays the chance to deep freeze hen meat and, in distinction to shell eggs, to move it over lengthy distances. 
The United Arab Emirates ranked in second place relating to hen meat exports by MEA area international locations (Desk 2). The home manufacturing was solely as excessive as 52,200 t. To fulfill the demand of the inhabitants, nearly 475,000 t of hen meat have been imported, in order that 527,200 t have been obtainable for consumption. Clearly, an oversupply occurred, which resulted in an export of 62,200 t to Yemen, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.
Desk 2 paperwork that in 2020 the import quantity was about 1.5 mill. t larger than the export quantity. The spatial patterns of the imports will probably be analysed intimately for chosen international locations to doc similarities and variations. Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates collectively imported nearly 1.1 mill. t of hen meat in 2020. Determine 5 reveals the remarkably excessive focus of Saudi Arabia’s imports. 
The 5 main international locations of origin contributed 97.3% to the general imports, Brazil alone 71.8%. The extraordinary position of Brazil is no surprise as it’s the main hen meat exporting nation. It’s shocking, nevertheless, that the USA didn’t export related portions to Saudi Arabia. One cause often is the aftermath of the Avian Influenza outbreaks within the USA in 2015, which stopped exports to over 30 international locations. Another excuse is that the shoppers on the Arab Peninsula want entire broilers with a median weight between 0.8 and 1 kg as a meal. Whereas Brazil and France supply this product, the USA primarily exported lower up components, which aren’t very enticing for the shoppers (Windhorst 2019, 2021).
The import sample of the United Arab Emirates is sort of an identical with that of Saudi Arabia. The one distinction is the upper contribution of the USA (Determine 6). The composition of the inhabitants within the Emirates differs significantly from that of Saudi Arabia. The proportion of non-Arabic inhabitants is remarkably excessive. Main worldwide corporations and banks have their headquarters or branches in Dubai and Abu Dhabi. As well as, tourism performs an vital position, attracting guests from everywhere in the world. Excessive-class motels and eating places adapt to this case and supply poultry meals, that are much like these in Europe or North America. Reduce up components are the premise for these meals.
Qatar’s import sample is sort of an identical with that of the United Arab Emirates. In 2020, Brazil shared 60.9% within the imports, the USA 20.5%. Kuwait imported over 104,000 t of broiler meat from Brazil, 80.3% of the general import quantity.
A comparability of the commerce flows in poultry meat imports reveals that Brazil was the main nation of origin for all international locations on the Arab Peninsula. The USA, quantity two in world broiler meat exports, gained larger market shares solely within the United Arab Emirates, which, based mostly on the precise composition of the inhabitants and its worldwide financial relations, imported appreciable quantities of lower up components to fulfill the buyer demand.
Abstract and views
The previous paper may doc that poultry meat manufacturing and commerce play an vital position within the MEA area. The dearth of non secular boundaries makes poultry meat probably the most enticing meat sort in diet. The regional focus in manufacturing in addition to in commerce was very excessive. In hen meat manufacturing (nearly solely broiler meat), the 4 main international locations shared over 80% within the manufacturing quantity in 2020. Iran and Turkey produced over two mill. t every. Apart from Turkey and Iran, all different MEA international locations needed to import hen meat to fulfill the rising demand. Brazil was the main nation of origin for the imports of all international locations. The USA may acquire larger market shares solely within the United Arab Emirates. The rising inhabitants and a better buying energy will lead to a always rising demand. Because the growth of poultry meat manufacturing within the MEA area is restricted, hen meat imports will improve. If and when cell cultured broiler meat will acquire larger market shares is a nonetheless open query regardless of the exceptional improvement in Israel and initiatives in Qatar.
Knowledge sources and ideas for additional studying
FAO database: https://www.fao.org/faostat.
Windhorst, H.-W.: Brazil and USA: Ongoing competitors on the worldwide hen meat market. In: Zootecnica worldwide 41 (2019), no. 6, p. 16-19.
Windhorst, H.-W.: Brasilien – ein Gigant der globalen Fleischerzeugung und im Fleischhandel. Teil 2: Mit Geflügel an der Spitze. In: Fleischwirtschaft 101 (2021), Nr. 8, S. 28-33.
